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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

人民币持续升值利好股市******

　　近期人民币持续升值，引发人民币资产价值提升，股市也出现上涨走势，未来如果人民币能够继续升值，股市也有机会进一步走高。

　　受到国际因素影响，前期人民币汇率走势给人一种要逐渐贬值的感觉，但是近期，尤其是1月以来，人民币汇率升破了6.8大关，出现了大幅升值的走势，与此同时，股市也同步出现持续向好的走势。在当下的市场环境下，人民币升值利于股市走牛，可以从以下三个方面来加以论证。

　　一是价值投资环境下，股市上涨的关键因素已从资金推动转变为上市公司价值。过去的股市，涨跌主要受到资金流入流出的影响。一旦人民币出现贬值，则意味着资金投放增加。反之，人民币升值意味着央行回笼货币较多，所以人民币升值对股市上涨利好作用不大。而现在人民币的升贬，主要受境外投资者对于中国经济未来预判向好的影响。人民币持续升值，表明境外投资者看好中国经济的未来增长预期，加上国际贸易环境正在向好的方向发展，所以人民币出现持续升值。这些升值诱因同样也对股市的上涨存在促进作用。

　　二是宏观经济向好有利于股市长牛。从宏观经济角度看，中国经济的持续复苏预期越来越强，疫情的结束也让投资者把关注焦点转移到复工复产上，这让宏观经济进入良性循环成为可能，这也有机会促成股市的长期牛市。更重要的是，原本投资者担忧的很多利空因素进一步减弱，一旦投资者的预期从利空转为利多，那么股市的上涨空间将会比想象的更大，股市的价值中枢也将因此提升。

　　三是人民币升值有利于国际资本流入。虽然说股市涨跌的核心要素已经从资金供给转变为上市公司价值，但某种程度上，国际资金的流入也会对股市构成一定利好。如果人民币升值的预期得到境外投资者的认同，将会有大量境外资金流入A股市场，因为他们在获得A股市场正常收益水平的同时，还能获得额外的人民币升值收益，这些资金流入，也会对A股市场构成利好支持。

　　所以本栏认为，在当前的股市环境下，人民币升值对于股市的利好作用非常明显。从走势看，1月9日，沪深300指数创出阶段新高，这对A股未来走向提供了更多的做多理由。

　　虽然A股市场依然存在个股爆雷、大股东减持等利空，不过在利好因素冲击下已经缺乏做空动能。

　　总体而言，人民币连续升值对国内资本市场是一个利好，无论是外资进入，还是中国投资者投资A股，都有积极作用，未来A股市场的长期价值投资预期仍有利可图。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）